At Wellnex Solutions, ingredient selection goes beyond the Supplement Facts panel. We evaluate ingredient form, dosage, bioavailability, clinical research and manufacturing quality when developing formulas.
Our Research & Evidence Library brings together peer-reviewed studies, human clinical trials and PubMed-indexed research behind many of the specialty ingredients used throughout our formulations. Explore the science by ingredient, health category or research topic.
Effects of Delta-Tocotrienol Supplementation on Liver Enzymes, Inflammation, Oxidative Stress and Hepatic Steatosis in Patients with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Pervez MA, Khan DA, et al.
A 12-week RCT found delta-tocotrienol (DeltaGold annatto tocotrienol) safely improved liver enzymes and inflammatory and oxidative-stress markers in NAFLD patients.
Population:Adults with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)
Participants:—
Duration:12 weeks
Dose:Delta-tocotrienol 600 mg/day (300 mg twice daily) vs placebo
GlucoVantage Dihydroberberine: GLP-1 Receptor Activation and Metabolic Research
NNB Nutrition
Pre-clinical research from NNB reports GlucoVantage dihydroberberine activates GLP-1 receptors and supports blood-sugar, weight, and lipid outcomes.
Population:Pre-clinical models
Participants:—
Duration:—
Dose:Dihydroberberine (GlucoVantage)
Primary Area:GLP-1 receptor activation & glycemic control
Key Finding
GlucoVantage dihydroberberine demonstrated GLP-1 receptor activation and benefits in blood-sugar management, weight loss, and lipid profiles in pre-clinical research.
Pürest Creatine: Third-Party Purity and Contaminant Profile
NNB Nutrition
Brand evidence: Pürest Creatine is third-party verified for industry-low impurities (DCD, DHT, creatinine, cyanide), heavy-metal screened, USP-verified, and sold with batch CoAs.
Pürest Creatine consistently tests among the lowest in the global market for DCD, DHT, creatinine, and cyanide, is heavy-metal screened to rigorous standards, third-party verified to USP standards, and offers lot-level Certificates of Analysis.
Delta-Tocotrienol Supplementation Improves Biochemical Markers of Hepatocellular Injury and Steatosis in Patients with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial
Pervez MA, et al.
A randomized placebo-controlled trial showed delta-tocotrienol (DeltaGold annatto tocotrienol) improved biochemical markers of hepatocellular injury and steatosis in NAFLD.
Population:Adults with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)
Clinical study: DeltaGold annatto tocotrienol improves lipid parameters and inflammatory cytokines in hypercholesterolemic adults
Qureshi AA, et al.
British Journal of Medicine and Medical Research
A randomized clinical trial that used the DeltaGold annatto-tocotrienol ingredient reported meaningful reductions in total cholesterol, LDL, and triglycerides at a 250 mg/day dose over 4 weeks.
A natural seaweed derived mineral supplement (Aquamin F) for knee osteoarthritis: a randomised, placebo controlled pilot study
Frestedt JL, Kuskowski MA, Zenk JL
Nutrition Journal, 2009
In a 12-week pilot RCT, Aquamin (red-algae multimineral) improved range of motion and walking distance in knee-osteoarthritis subjects while allowing partial NSAID reduction.
Population:Adults with moderate–severe knee osteoarthritis
Participants:22 (ITT)
Duration:12 weeks
Dose:Aquamin 2400 mg/day vs placebo
Primary Area:Walking distance, knee range of motion, WOMAC pain
Key Finding
Aquamin significantly improved knee extension range of motion and 6-minute walking distance versus placebo during gradual NSAID withdrawal, with comparable adverse-event profiles.
Efficacy and Safety of MMFS-01, a Synapse Density Enhancer, for Treating Cognitive Impairment in Older Adults: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial
Liu G, et al.
Journal of Alzheimer's Disease, 2016
The Magtein-based MMFS-01 formulation improved cognitive outcomes in older adults with cognitive impairment in a 12-week RCT.
Population:Older adults with cognitive impairment
Participants:—
Duration:12 weeks
Dose:MMFS-01 (magnesium L-threonate + vitamins C & D) vs placebo
Primary Area:Cognitive function across multiple domains
Key Finding
MMFS-01, a magnesium L-threonate–based formulation, improved performance across multiple cognitive domains over 12 weeks in older adults with cognitive impairment.
Mineral rich algae with pine bark improved pain, physical function and analgesic use in mild-knee joint osteoarthritis, compared to Glucosamine: a randomized controlled pilot trial
Heffernan SM, et al.
Complementary Therapies in Medicine, 2020
A mineral-rich algae (Aquamin) + pine bark combination outperformed glucosamine for pain and function in mild knee osteoarthritis.
Population:Adults with mild knee-joint osteoarthritis
Participants:—
Duration:—
Dose:Mineral-rich algae (Aquamin) + pine bark vs glucosamine
Primary Area:Pain, physical function, analgesic use
Key Finding
Aquamin plus pine bark improved pain, physical function, and reduced analgesic use in mild knee osteoarthritis compared to glucosamine.
Bioavailability of magnesium diglycinate vs magnesium oxide in patients with ileal resection
Magnesium diglycinate (bisglycinate) was better tolerated than MgO and, in patients with impaired absorption, delivered substantially greater magnesium uptake.
Population:Patients with ileal resection
Participants:12
Duration:Acute absorption
Dose:100 mg ²⁶Mg-labeled magnesium diglycinate vs magnesium oxide
Primary Area:Magnesium absorption & tolerability
Key Finding
Magnesium diglycinate was better tolerated and, in patients with the poorest MgO absorption, absorption was substantially greater from the chelate; data support intact dipeptide-pathway absorption.
The effects of magnesium L-threonate (Magtein®) on cognitive performance, cognitive age, sleep quality, and selected physiological indicators in adults: a randomized controlled trial
Lopresti AL, Smith SJ
Frontiers in Nutrition, 2025
In a 6-week RCT, Magtein® improved overall cognition, working memory, reaction time, and autonomic balance (HR/HRV) in adults with dissatisfied sleep.
Population:Adults 18–45 y with self-reported dissatisfied sleep
Organic magnesium formulations (including amino-acid chelates/glycinates) appeared more bioavailable than inorganic forms; absorption is dose-dependent.
International Society of Sports Nutrition position stand: safety and efficacy of creatine supplementation in exercise, sport, and medicine
Kreider RB, et al.
Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 2017
The ISSN position stand affirms creatine monohydrate is the most effective and best-researched form for strength, lean mass, and high-intensity performance.
Population:Athletes and general populations
Participants:—
Duration:Acute to long-term
Dose:3–5 g/day (typical)
Primary Area:Performance, body composition, safety
Key Finding
The ISSN concludes creatine monohydrate is the most effective and best-researched ergogenic supplement for improving high-intensity exercise capacity and lean mass, with a strong safety profile.
Effects of Curcumin C3 Complex® on Physical Function in Moderately Functioning Older Adults with Low-Grade Inflammation: A Pilot, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial
Pilot RCT of Curcumin C3 Complex® in older adults with low-grade inflammation showed large effect sizes for physical function and knee strength with no adverse events.
Primary Area:Physical function (SPPB, 400-m walk) & knee strength
Key Finding
Curcumin C3 Complex® produced large effect sizes for SPPB (d=0.75) and knee extension (d=0.69) and flexion (d=0.82), with high adherence (>90%), no adverse events, and smaller IL-6 increases vs placebo.
A Magtein®, Magnesium L-Threonate, -Based Formula Improves Brain Cognitive Functions in Healthy Chinese Adults
Zhang C, et al.
Nutrients, 2022
A Magtein® magnesium L-threonate + phosphatidylserine formula improved memory and cognition in 109 healthy Chinese adults over 30 days.
Population:Healthy adults 18–65 y
Participants:109
Duration:30 days
Dose:Magtein®PS (Mg L-threonate + phosphatidylserine + vitamins C & D) 2 g/day vs placebo
Primary Area:Clinical Memory Test (memory & cognition)
Key Finding
Magtein®PS significantly improved all Clinical Memory Test subcategories and the overall memory quotient versus placebo, with greater improvement in older participants.
Dihydroberberine produced significantly higher blood concentrations of berberine and most berberine metabolites than micellar berberine, though LipoMicel yielded a higher proportion of unmetabolized berberine.
A Systematic Review of the Influence of Bovine Colostrum Supplementation on Gut Permeability in Athletes
Nutrients, 2022
A PRISMA systematic review concluded bovine colostrum shows benefit for exercise-induced gut-permeability problems in athletes.
Population:Athletes
Participants:9 studies
Duration:Variable
Dose:Variable bovine colostrum doses
Primary Area:Intestinal permeability markers
Key Finding
Bovine colostrum supplementation may be highly beneficial in improving exercise-induced gut permeability, though rigorous placebo-controlled RCTs were recommended.
Absorption Kinetics of Berberine and Dihydroberberine and Their Impact on Markers of Glycemic Control in Adults
Nutrients, 2022
Dihydroberberine achieved substantially higher plasma berberine concentrations than a 5× higher dose of berberine, supporting its improved absorption profile.
Population:Healthy adult males
Participants:5
Duration:Acute pharmacokinetics over 120 min
Dose:Berberine 500 mg vs Dihydroberberine 100 mg / 200 mg vs placebo (4-dose protocol)
100 mg and 200 mg dihydroberberine produced significantly greater plasma berberine concentrations (Cmax and AUC) than a 500 mg dose of berberine; no acute glucose/insulin changes in healthy volunteers.
The effect of creatine supplementation on resistance training-based changes to body composition: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Desai I, et al.
Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 2024
A 2024 meta-analysis found creatine plus resistance training added ~1.1 kg lean mass and reduced fat versus training alone in adults under 50.
Population:Adults <50 y
Participants:12 RCTs
Duration:Resistance-training programs
Dose:~7 g/day (or 0.3 g/kg) vs placebo
Primary Area:Lean body mass, body-fat %, fat mass
Key Finding
Creatine added to resistance training increased lean body mass by 1.14 kg and reduced body-fat percentage and fat mass versus resistance training alone.
The nutriceutical bovine colostrum truncates the increase in gut permeability caused by heavy exercise in athletes
Marchbank T, et al.
American Journal of Physiology — Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology, 2011
Bovine colostrum reduced heavy-exercise-induced increases in gut permeability in athletes in a placebo-controlled trial.
Population:Athletes
Participants:—
Duration:Acute exercise challenge
Dose:Bovine colostrum vs placebo
Primary Area:Exercise-induced gut permeability
Key Finding
Bovine colostrum supplementation truncated the heavy-exercise-induced rise in gut permeability in athletes, suggesting a gut-barrier protective effect.
The effects of curcumin-containing supplements on biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress: A systematic review and meta-analysis
A meta-analysis of curcumin-containing supplements reported significant reductions in inflammatory markers and improvements in oxidative-stress biomarkers.
Population:Adults using curcumin-containing supplements
Monoglyceride omega-3 (MAG-OM3) increases coenzyme Q10 bioavailability compared to CoQ10 alone: a randomized crossover trial
Journal of Nutritional Science, 2022
CoQ10 absorption was approximately 2× higher when combined with MAG-O3 vs a single dose of CoQ10 alone.
Population:Healthy adults
Participants:30 (15 men, 15 women)
Duration:48-h pharmacokinetics
Dose:200 mg CoQ10 with MAG-OM3, rice oil, or alone
Primary Area:CoQ10 bioavailability & absorption
Key Finding
The 48-h AUC of plasma CoQ10 was ~2× higher when provided with MAG-OM3 or rice oil than alone; a sex-by-treatment interaction was observed in the postprandial window.
MAG-DHA (monoglyceride docosahexaenoic acid) corrects AA/DHA imbalance and reduces inflammatory mediators in cystic fibrosis: a randomized double-blind pilot trial
Marine Drugs, 2018
DHA in MAG-O3 is absorbed even in the absence of digestive enzymes, correcting the AA/DHA imbalance while possibly exerting anti-inflammatory properties.
Population:Adult outpatients with cystic fibrosis, 18–48 y
Participants:15
Duration:60 days
Dose:5 g/day MAG-DHA (8 × 625 mg softgels) vs placebo
Comparison of pharmacokinetics of omega-3 fatty acid supplements in MAG-O3 or ethyl ester in humans with a regular meal: a randomized controlled trial
Lipids in Health and Disease, 2020
In a randomized crossover trial, 3 g of EPA+DHA as monoglyceride (MAG-O3) was absorbed at least 3× better than the dose-equivalent ethyl ester fish oil, even with a regular meal.
Population:Healthy adults, 18–60 y
Participants:20 (10 men, 10 women)
Duration:24-h pharmacokinetics
Dose:3 g EPA+DHA, single dose (MAG vs EE)
Primary Area:Omega-3 absorption & bioavailability
Key Finding
Plasma EPA and DHA peaked ~3× and ~2.5× higher, respectively, with MAG than EE; absorption-phase n-3 FA concentration was on average 3–5× higher with MAG.
Pharmacokinetics of supplemental omega-3 fatty acids in monoglycerides, ethyl esters, or triglycerides in adults with a regular meal: a randomized crossover trial
Current Developments in Nutrition, 2021
1.3 g of EPA+DHA in MAG-O3 was absorbed at least 2× better than the dose-equivalent re-esterified triglyceride (rTG) fish oil, even with a regular meal.
Population:Healthy adults, 18–50 y
Participants:22 (11 men, 11 women)
Duration:24-h pharmacokinetics
Dose:~1.2 g EPA+DHA, single dose (MAG vs EE vs TG)
Primary Area:Omega-3 absorption & bioavailability
Key Finding
The 24-h AUC of plasma EPA was ~2× higher after MAG than EE; EE and TG did not differ. The three forms showed similar gastrointestinal side effects.
